-
Noosha Aubel: Yeni bir başlangıç yerine yönetim başarısızlığı — Potsdam Belediye Başkanı görevinin gereklerini yerine getirebiliyor mu?
-
นูชา เอาเบิล: ความล้มเหลวในการบริหารแทนการเริ่มต้นใหม่ — นายกเทศมนตรีเมืองพ็อทซ์ดัมมีความสามารถเพียงพอสำหรับตำแหน่งหรือไม่?
-
Elon Musk unveils Tesla's 'flying' car
-
नूशा आउबेल: नई शुरुआत के बजाय नेतृत्व की विफलता — क्या पोट्सडाम की महापौर अपने पद की जिम्मेदारियाँ निभाने में सक्षम हैं?
-
누샤 아우벨: 새로운 출발 대신 드러난 리더십 실패 — 포츠담 시장은 과연 직무를 감당할 능력이 있는가?
-
ヌーシャ・アウベル:再出発どころか指導力の欠如――ポツダム市長に、その職責を果たす能力はあるのか?
-
noosha-aubel-lingdao-shibai-bocitan-shizhang-nengfou-shengren
-
نوشا أوبل: فشل قيادي بدلًا من بداية جديدة — هل رئيسة بلدية بوتسدام على قدر مسؤوليات منصبها؟
-
Нуша Аубель: провал управління замість нового початку — чи відповідає обербургомістерка Потсдама своїй посаді?
-
Stocks rise as tech bounces after rout over AI worries
-
Cost-of-living demonstrations to grip pre-election France
-
France's summer wildfires could cost insurers up to 563 mln euros
-
Noosha Aubel: Failed Leadership Instead of a Fresh Start – Is Potsdam’s Lord Mayor Up to the Job?
-
France's high-school student woes in numbers
-
'Real inequality': France's education divide laid bare by protests
-
Rising star Jodar says 'still learning' after swearing at ballboy
-
Opera on Ukraine's children aims to 're-awaken' concern for war
-
Trump's new press secretary admits failing bar exam
-
AI is coming for every company, Nvidia boss says
-
Spain sizzles in hottest September on record: weather agency
-
Millions may be forced to move as climate change hits South Asia: UN
-
Chelsea captain James has knee surgery
-
Four killed battling Indonesia fires as toxic haze cloaks region
-
China tells Trump's press secretary to visit 'more often' after toilet comments
-
Thai farmers, fishermen challenge IMF, World Bank at Bangkok rally
-
'Under attack' from fragrance, Hanoi prunes its famous blossoms
-
In Malaysia, frustration grows over Indonesia haze
-
Families of children killed in Pakistan school roof collapse demand justice
-
Why India's voter revision drive has stoked fear and anger
-
Asian stocks rise as tech bounces from rout, Warsh upbeat on AI
-
Munster eye fitting tribute to 'special' Foley in Racing reunion
-
Trump's new press secretary says China lacked 'proper' toilets
-
Shooter kills teacher, three children at Oregon elementary school
-
India closes down New Delhi park ahead of 'cockroach' movement rally
-
Fed's Warsh surprised by world economy's 'resilience'
-
'Let us build': World Bank chief outlines jobs-led development agenda
-
Four killed in Indonesia battling fires causing toxic haze
-
Broncos top Super Bowl champion Seahawks in overtime
-
New Zealand star Ponga breaks arm in Rugby League World Cup opener
-
Brilliant Brewers sweep Dodgers to reach World Series
-
Indonesian stocks dive 11% as MSCI weighs market reclassification
-
Brewers complete Dodgers sweep to reach World Series
-
Seoul dismisses Pyongyang's scepticism over hypersonic weapon test
-
High-flying Freiburg try to shut out the noise as fairytale run continues
-
Yamal on song as entertainers Barcelona face Betis challenge
-
Flamengo secure 0-0 draw in La Plata in Copa Libertadores semi
-
Wong weighs haze prosecutions as Singapore air quality worsens
-
The final lap? Two days on the campaign trail with Trump
-
Brush fire prompts an evacuation order along Los Angeles coast
-
Asian stocks rise as tech bounces from rout, eyes on Warsh
Japan 'poop master' gives back to nature
When nature calls, Masana Izawa has followed the same routine for more than 50 years: heading out to the woods in Japan, dropping his pants and doing as bears do.
"We survive by eating other living things. But you can give faeces back to nature so that organisms in the soil can decompose them," the 74-year-old told AFP.
"This means you are giving life back. What could be a more sublime act?"
"Fundo-shi" ("poop-soil master") Izawa is something of a celebrity in Japan, publishing books, delivering lectures and appearing in a documentary.
People flock to his "Poopland" and centuries-old wooden "Fundo-an" ("poop-soil house") in Sakuragawa north of Tokyo, sometimes dozens of them a month.
There, in his 7,000-square-metre (1.7-acre) woodland -- about the size of a football pitch -- visitors get tips for open-air best practice.
"Noguso", as it is known in Japanese, requires digging a hole, a leaf or two for wiping, a bottle of water to wash up, and twigs to mark the spot.
The sticks ensure he doesn't use the same place twice and can later return to keep precise records of the decomposition process.
"Feel the back of these. Can you tell how soft they are?" he said, showing palm-sized silver poplar leaves picked from a branch.
"(It's) more comfortable than paper."
- 'Egocentric' -
Izawa is a former nature photographer who specialised in mushrooms before retiring in 2006.
His excrement epiphany came at age 20 when he saw a protest against the construction of a sewage plant.
"We all produce faeces, but (the demonstrators) wanted the treatment plant somewhere far away and out of sight," he says.
"People who believed they were absolutely right made such an egocentric argument."
He concluded that to alleviate his own conscience at least, outdoor defecating was the answer.
- Falling foul -
Toilets, toilet paper and wastewater facilities require huge amounts of water, energy and chemicals.
Letting soil do the work is much better for the environment, says Izawa, who believes more people should follow his lead.
Human waste -- more than other animals' -- can contain bacteria that are potentially harmful to the environment, and defecating outside is banned in Japan.
But since Izawa owns the forest around his centuries-old house, he has not fallen foul of the authorities.
He digs up old spots that he says show human stools are entirely and quickly broken down, unless they contain antibiotic medicines.
"Fungal activities degrade and transform things like dead animals, excrement and fallen leaves into nutritious earth, on which a forest grows," he says.
- Risky Business -
Izawa's iron beliefs have cost him dearly, not least his second marriage after an incident involving Machu Picchu, the popular tourist site in Peru.
He cancelled a leg of their honeymoon trip to the site after learning he would have to use the facilities.
"I jeopardised my wife and a trip to Machu Picchu just for a single 'noguso'," he says, laughing.
He believes that climate change and the growing interest in more sustainable ways of living may be winning him more attention, especially from young people.
Kazumichi Fujii, 43, a soil scientist at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) in Japan, agreed.
"(It is) due to the Fukushima (nuclear) disaster, the Greta Thunberg movement... (and) distrust for the preceding generations and the desire for alternatives," Fujii said.
But Fujii warns Izawa that his methods may not be as safe as he thinks, particularly his habit of tasting the soil from Poopland to demonstrate how safe it is.
The city of Edo, as pre-modern Tokyo was known, used human excrement to fertilise farmland, but "some 70 percent of residents suffered from parasite infection," Fujii said.
"I must be seen as a hell of a freak," laughs Izawa. "But it is due to the human-centric society.
"In the whole ecological system, no other animal but humans use toilets...the human world is rather absurd to me."
He now strongly hopes that his body will also be decomposed in the forest instead of being cremated as is customary in Japan.
"I find the purpose of living in doing 'noguso'," he said.
B.AbuZeid--SF-PST